An example is hearing voices that command the patient to do certain things, usually abusive and self-destructive. These involve hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, and feeling touched by things in the absence of stimuli. Hallucinations are the most common feature of schizophrenia.Primarily include delusions and hallucinations.They indicate that patient has lost touch with reality. These are symptoms that are present but should be absent. Negative symptoms are associated with frontal cortex and ventricular abnormalities.Positive symptoms are associated with temporal lobe abnormalities.Signs and symptoms are divided into three clusters: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.maternal influenza during second trimester of pregnancy, epilepsy of the temporal lobe, head injury, etc.)īehaviors and functional deficiencies seen in schizophrenia vary widely among patients. faulty neuronal connections), and other possible causes (e.g. enlarged ventricles), developmental (e.g. Other factors include structural brain abnormalities (e.g.High norepinephrine is linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Excessive dopamine activity is linked to hallucinations, agitation, and delusion. Involves dopamine (focus of most studies), serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The manner of transmission of genetic predisposition is not clearly understood. Other factors like prenatal infections, perinatal complications, and environmental stressors are also being studied. It is believed that multiple genes (strongest evidence points to chromosomes 13 and 6) are involved in predisposition to schizophrenia. There is currently no way to predict who will develop the disease.Like many diseases, schizophrenia is linked to various factors. Prevalence is higher than diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.Affects both men (late teens or early 20s) and women (mid-20s to early 30s) equally.In the United States alone, 2 million Americans each year are affected, with 7.2 in 1000 persons developing it during their lifetime. It affects 1.1% of the population above age 18, which is estimated to be 51 million people worldwide.Schizophrenia occurs in all societies without regard to class, color, and culture. Their speech and behavior may frighten or mystify those around them.
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